Editing Final Report/Thesis 2019 (section)

===DNA===

DNA is the hereditary material which stores the genetic information in humans.
There are two types of DNA in human beings, one is known as nuclear DNA which is
located in cell nucleus and another type is mitochondrial DNA which is located in the
mitochondria. This project only focuses on the analysis of nuclear DNA. DNA stores
genetic information as a sequence built up with four types of nitrogen bases which
are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) [2]. Also, a sugar
molecule and a phosphate molecule are
attached to each nitrogen base to form a
molecule called nucleotide. The bases
would pair up (A with T and C with G)
and multiple nucleotides are placed in
two strands to form a double helix which
looks like a spiral [2]. In general, a DNA
is a genetic sequence formed by multiple
base pairs. The genetic instructions of
building and maintaining an organism
are obtained from the order of these
base pairs [2]. There are about 3 billion
bases in human DNA, in which more
than 99% of the bases are common in all human beings, and the physiological
differences among people depends on these 1% DNA.
[[File:DNA.png|thumb|300px|center|Figure 2: DNA structure]]